Nūhou

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana oresin polyester unsaturatedLoaʻa nā huahana ma mua o 70 mau makahiki. I loko o ia manawa pōkole, ua ulu wikiwiki nā huahana polyester resin unsaturated ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻopuka a me ka pae ʻenehana. No ka mea ua ulu nā huahana resin polyester unsaturated mua i kekahi o nā ʻano nui loa i ka ʻoihana resin thermosetting. I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā resins polyester unsaturated, ʻike ʻia ka ʻike loea e pili ana i nā patent huahana, nā nūpepa ʻoihana, nā puke loea, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, aia nā haneli o nā patent i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e pili ana i ka resin polyester unsaturated. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻenehana noiʻi o ka resin polyester unsaturated ua lilo a ʻoi aku ka nui me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hana ʻana, a ua hoʻokumu lohi i kāna ʻōnaehana ʻenehana kūʻokoʻa o ka hana a me ka noiʻi noiʻi. I ke kaʻina hana hoʻomohala i hala, ua hāʻawi kūikawā nā resins polyester unsaturated i ka hoʻohana maʻamau. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomohala ʻia i kekahi mau māla kūikawā, a i ka manawa like, e hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai o nā resins kumu nui. Eia kekahi mau ʻano resin polyester unsaturated a hoʻohiki ʻole, e like me: resin shrinkage haʻahaʻa, resin retardant flame, resin toughening, resin volatilization styrene haʻahaʻa, resin pale corrosion, resin coat gel, resin curing māmā Unsaturated polyester resins, resins kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. me nā waiwai kūikawā, a me nā manamana lāʻau kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohui ʻia me nā mea maka a me nā kaʻina hana.

1.Low shrinkage resin

He kumuhana kahiko wale nō paha kēia ʻano resin. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka resin polyester unsaturated me kahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka wā o ka mālama ʻana, a ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka shrinkage shrinkage he 6-10%. Hiki i kēia hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke hoʻololi a i ʻole ka haki ʻana i ka mea, ʻaʻole i ke kaʻina hana hoʻopili (SMC, BMC). No ka lanakila ʻana i kēia hemahema, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā resins thermoplastic e like me nā mea hoʻohui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi patent ma kēia wahi iā DuPont i ka makahiki 1934, helu patent US 1.945,307. Hōʻike ka patent i ka copolymerization o dibasic antelopelic acids me nā pūhui vinyl. ʻIke loa, i kēlā manawa, ua hoʻokumu kēia patent i ka ʻenehana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no nā resins polyester. Mai ia manawa, nui ka poʻe i hoʻolaʻa iā lākou iho i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana copolymer, a laila i manaʻo ʻia he mau mea palaki. I ka makahiki 1966 ua hoʻohana mua ʻia nā resins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a Marco i ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻoihana.

Ua kapa ʻia kēia huahana "SMC" ma hope mai ka Hui ʻOihana Plastics. No nā pepa SMC, pono e pale ʻia nā ʻāpana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka resin, hiki ke maʻalahi a me ka ʻoniʻoni A-grade, a pono e pale ʻia nā micro-cracks ma ka ʻili, kahi e koi ai i ka resin i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomaikaʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi ka nui o nā patent i kēia ʻenehana, a ʻo ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ua ulu mālie, a ua puka mai nā ʻano mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui haʻahaʻa e like me ka manawa e pono ai. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maʻamau ka polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate a me nā mea like.

drtgf (1) 2.Flame retardant resin

I kekahi manawa he mea nui nā mea pale ahi e like me ka hoʻopakele lāʻau, a hiki i nā mea pale ahi ke pale a hōʻemi paha i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pōʻino. Ma ʻEulopa, ua emi iho ka nui o nā make ahi ma kahi o 20% i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ma muli o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea pale ahi. He mea koʻikoʻi loa ka palekana o nā mea pale ahi ponoʻī. He hana lohi a paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike i ke ʻano o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana. I kēia manawa, aia a ke alakaʻi nei ka European Community i nā loiloi pōʻino ma luna o nā mea halogen-based a me halogen-phosphorus flame retardants. , ka nui o ia mau mea e hoʻopau ʻia ma waena o 2004 a me 2006. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana maʻamau ko mākou ʻāina i nā diols i loko o ka chlorine a i ʻole bromine-containing diols a i ʻole dibasic acid halogen substitutes ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā resins pale ahi. ʻO nā mea pale ahi halogen e hoʻopuka i ka uahi i ka wā e ʻā ana, a hele pū me ka hana o ka hydrogen halide. ʻO ka uahi nui a me ka smog ʻawaʻawa i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pōʻino nui i nā kānaka.

drtgf (2)

ʻOi aku ma mua o 80% o nā ulia ahi ma muli o kēia. ʻO kekahi hemahema o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka bromine a i ʻole ka hydrogen-based flame retardants, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana o nā kinoea ʻino a me nā kinoea hoʻohaumia i ka wā e puhi ʻia ai, e alakaʻi ai i ka pōʻino i nā mea uila. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi inorganic e like me ka alumina hydrated, magnesium, canopy, nā pūhui molybdenum a me nā mea hoʻohui ahi e hiki ke hana i ka uahi haʻahaʻa a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa resins, ʻoiai he mau hopena kaohi ʻana i ka uahi. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka mea hoʻopihapiha hoʻopiha ahi inorganic, ʻaʻole wale ka piʻi ʻana o ka viscosity o ka resin, ʻaʻole kūpono i ke kūkulu ʻana, akā i ka wā i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka nui o ka mea hoʻohui ahi i ka resin, e hoʻopilikia ia. ka ikaika mechanical a me nā waiwai uila o ka resin ma hope o ka ho'ōla.

I kēia manawa, ua hōʻike ka nui o nā patent haole i ka ʻenehana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka phosphorus-based flame retardants e hana i nā resins haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka uahi haʻahaʻa. Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi ma muli o ka Phosphorus kahi hopena pale ahi. ʻO ka metaphosphoric acid i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka puhi ʻana hiki ke polymerized i loko o kahi kūlana polymer paʻa, e hana ana i kahi pale pale, e uhi ana i ka ʻili o ka mea puhi, hoʻokaʻawale i ka oxygen, hoʻolaha i ka dehydration a me ka carbonization o ka resin surface, a hana i kahi kiʻi pale carbonized. Ma laila e pale ai i ka puhi ahi a ma ka manawa like hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi e pili ana i ka phosphorus me ka halogen flame retardants, nona ka hopena synergistic maopopo loa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kuhikuhi noiʻi e hiki mai ana o ka resin retardant ahi he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka resin maikaʻi he uahi ʻole, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻole pili i ka resin, loaʻa nā waiwai kino maoli, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohui i nā mea hou aku, a hiki ke hana pololei ʻia i ka mea kanu resin.

3. Toughening resin

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano resin polyester unsaturated mua, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka paʻakikī resin o kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana o lalo o ka resin polyester unsaturated, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koi hou no ka hana ʻana i ka resin unsaturated, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. ʻO ka palupalu o nā resins unsaturated ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana ua aneane lilo i pilikia koʻikoʻi e kaohi ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā resins unsaturated. Inā he mea hana lima hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole kahi huahana i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a ʻeha paha, lilo ka elongation i ka wā haki i hōʻailona koʻikoʻi no ka loiloi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana resin.

I kēia manawa, hoʻohana kekahi mau mea hana haole i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka resin saturated e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻakikī. E like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka polyester saturated, styrene-butadiene rubber a me ka carboxy-terminated (suo-) styrene-butadiene rubber, etc., pili kēia ʻano i ke ʻano hoʻoikaika kino. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokomo i nā polymers poloka i loko o ke kaulahao nui o ka polyester unsaturated, e like me ka interpenetrating network structure i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka resin polyester unsaturated a me ka resin epoxy a me ka resin polyurethane, kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i ka ikaika tensile a me ka ikaika hopena o ka resin. , pili kēia ʻano hana paʻakikī i ke ʻano hoʻopaʻapaʻa kemika. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hui pū ʻana o ka hoʻoikaika kino kino a me ka paʻakikī kemika, e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka polyester unsaturated reactive me kahi mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻokō i ka maʻalahi i makemake ʻia.

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pepa SMC i ka ʻoihana kaʻa ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha māmā, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a me ka hiki ke hoʻolālā. No nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e like me nā panela kaʻa, nā puka hope, a me nā panela waho, pono ka paʻakikī maikaʻi, e like me nā panela waho kaʻa. Hiki i nā kiaʻi ke kūlou i hope i kahi palena palena a hoʻi i ko lākou ʻano kumu ma hope o kahi hopena liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka resin e nalowale pinepine i nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka resin, e like me ka paʻakikī, ka ikaika flexural, ka pale wela, a me ka wikiwiki o ka mālama ʻana i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka paʻakikī o ka resin me ka nalowale ʻole o nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o ka resin i lilo i kumuhana koʻikoʻi i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā resins polyester unsaturated.

4.Low styrene volatile resin

I ke kaʻina hana o ka unsaturated polyester resin, e hoʻopilikia nui ka styrene toxic i ke olakino o nā limahana hana. I ka manawa like, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka styrene i ka lewa, kahi e hoʻohaumia ai ka ea. No laila, nui nā mana i kaupalena i ka ʻae ʻia o ka styrene i ka lewa o ka hale hana hana. No ka laʻana, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo kona pae hōʻike ʻae ʻia (ka pae ʻae ʻia) ʻo 50ppm, ʻoiai ma Switzerland kona waiwai PEL he 25ppm, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ia ʻano haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka ventila ikaika e kaupalena ʻia. I ka manawa like, e alakaʻi pū ka ventilation ikaika i ka nalowale o ka styrene mai ka ʻili o ka huahana a me ka volatilization o ka nui o ka styrene i ka lewa. No laila, e ʻimi i kahi ala e hōʻemi ai i ka volatilization o styrene, mai ke kumu, pono nō e hoʻopau i kēia hana i ka mea kanu resin. Pono kēia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā resins haʻahaʻa styrene volatility (LSE) ʻaʻole e hoʻohaumia a emi ʻole ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka ea, a i ʻole nā resins polyester unsaturated me ka monomers styrene.

ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike o nā monomers volatile he kumuhana i kūkulu ʻia e ka ʻoihana resin polyester unsaturated ʻē aʻe i nā makahiki i hala. Nui nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa: (1) ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea haʻahaʻa volatility inhibitors; (2) hoʻohana ka hana ʻana i nā resins polyester unsaturated me ka styrene monomers i ka divinyl, vinylmethylbenzene, α-methyl Styrene e pani ai i nā monomers vinyl i loaʻa nā monomers styrene; (3) ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā resins polyester unsaturated me nā monomers styrene haʻahaʻa e hoʻohana i nā monomers ma luna a me nā monomers styrene pū kekahi, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka diallyl phthalate Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā monomers vinyl paila kiʻekiʻe e like me nā esters a me nā copolymers acrylic me nā monomers styrene: (4) ʻO kekahi ala e hōʻemi ai i ka volatilization o ka styrene, ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e like me dicyclopentadiene a me kāna mau mea i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka iwi polyesters Resin unsaturated, e hoʻokō i ka viscosity haʻahaʻa, a hoʻemi hope i ka ʻike o ka styrene monomer.

I ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi ala e hoʻoponopono ai i ka pilikia o ka styrene volatilization, pono ia e noʻonoʻo piha i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka resin i nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻili, ka hana lamination, ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe SMC, ke kumukūʻai o nā kumu waiwai no ka hana ʻoihana, a ka launa pū me ka ʻōnaehana resin. , Resin reactivity, viscosity, mechanical properties of resin after molding, etc. Ma ko'u aina, aole he kanawai maopopo no ke kaohi ana i ka volatilization o styrene. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka nohona o nā kānaka a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻike o ka poʻe i ko lākou olakino ponoʻī a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, he manawa wale nō ia ma mua o ke koi ʻia ʻana o nā kānāwai kūpono no kahi ʻāina mea kūʻai ʻole e like me mākou.

5.Corrosion-kū pale resin

ʻO kekahi o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā resins polyester unsaturated ʻo ko lākou pale ʻana i nā kemika e like me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, nā waikawa, nā kumu, a me nā paʻakai. E like me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka poʻe loea ʻoihana resin unsaturated, ua māhele ʻia nā resins corrosion-resistant i kēia mau ʻano: (1) ʻano o-benzene; (2) ʻano iso-benzene; (3) ʻano p-benzene; (4) bisphenol A ʻano; (5) ʻano Vinyl ester; a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka xylene type, halogen-containing compound type, etc. Ma hope o nā ʻumi makahiki o ka ʻimi mau ʻana e kekahi mau hanauna o nā ʻepekema, ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻino o ka resin a me ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Hoʻololi ʻia ka resin e nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, e like me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi iwi mole e paʻakikī ke pale aku i ka corrosion i loko o ka resin polyester unsaturated, a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka polyester unsaturated, vinyl ester a me isocyanate e hana i kahi ʻōnaehana interpenetrating network, he mea nui loa ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa corrosion. o ka resini. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a ʻo ka resin i hana ʻia e ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana i ka resin acid hiki ke hoʻokō maikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa corrosion.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia meepoxy resins,ʻO ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka hana maʻalahi o nā resins polyester unsaturated ua lilo i mea maikaʻi loa. Wahi a ka poʻe loea ʻupena resin unsaturated, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kūpaʻa corrosion o ka resin polyester unsaturated, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka alkali, ma mua o ka epoxy resin. ʻAʻole hiki ke pani i ka resin epoxy. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ka piʻi ʻana o nā papahele anti-corrosion i nā manawa a me nā pilikia no nā resin polyester unsaturated. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā resins anti-corrosion kūikawā he ākea ākea.

drtgf (3)

6.ʻO ka resin kapa gel

drtgf (4)

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka ʻaʻahu gel i nā mea hoʻohui. ʻAʻole wale ia e pāʻani i kahi hana hoʻonaninani ma ka ʻili o nā huahana FRP, akā hoʻokani pū kekahi i ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu, ke kū ʻana o ka wā kahiko a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion. Wahi a ka poʻe loea mai ka unsaturated resin network, ʻo ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka resin coat gel e hoʻomohala i ka resin coat gel me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa styrene volatilization, maikaʻi ka maloʻo ʻana o ka ea a me ke kūpaʻa ikaika. Aia kahi mākeke nui no nā kapa gel pale wela i nā resins coat gel. Inā hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea FRP i ka wai wela no ka manawa lōʻihi, e ʻike ʻia nā blisters ma ka ʻili. I ka manawa like, ma muli o ke komo mālie ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia, e hoʻonui nui ʻia nā blisters o ka ʻili. ʻAʻole e hoʻopilikia wale nā blisters ʻO ke ʻano o ke kapa gel e hoʻemi mālie i nā waiwai ikaika o ka huahana.

Hoʻohana ʻo Cook Composites and Polymers Co. o Kansas, USA, i nā ʻano epoxy a me glycidyl ether i hoʻopau ʻia no ka hana ʻana i kahi resin kapa gel me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka wai maikaʻi loa a me ka pale ʻana. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pū ka hui i ka polyether polyol-modified a me ka epoxy-terminated resin A (flexible resin) a me ka dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) -modified resin B (rigid resin) pūhui, ʻo ia mau mea ʻelua Ma hope o ka hui ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i ka resin me ke kūpaʻa wai. He kūʻē wai wale nō, akā he paʻakikī a ikaika hoʻi. Komo nā mea hoʻoheheʻe a i ʻole nā mea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o ka ʻōnaehana mea FRP ma o ka papa lole gel, e lilo i resin pale wai me nā waiwai piha maikaʻi loa.

7.Light curing unsaturated polyester resin

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻōla māmā o ka resin polyester unsaturated he ola pot lōʻihi a me ka wikiwiki hoʻōla wikiwiki. Hiki i nā resins polyester unsaturated ke hoʻokō i nā koi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka volatilization o styrene e ka mālama māmā. Ma muli o ka holomua o nā photosensitizers a me nā mea kukui, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kumu no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā resins photocurable. Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā resins polyester unsaturated UV-curable a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hana ʻana i ka nui. Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā waiwai waiwai, ka hana kaʻina hana a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka ʻili, a hoʻomaikaʻi pū ʻia ka hana hana ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia kaʻina hana.

8.Low-cost resin me nā waiwai kūikawā

ʻO ia mau resins nā resins foamed a me nā resins aqueous. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikehu lāʻau ma ka laulā. He kakaikahi no hoi ka poe akamai e hana ana ma ka oihana hana laau, a ke pii nui nei keia mau limahana. Hoʻokumu ia mau kūlana i nā kūlana no ka ʻenekinia plastics e komo i ka mākeke lāʻau. E hoʻomohala ʻia nā resins foamed unsaturated a me nā resins i loko o ka wai e like me nā lāʻau hana i loko o ka ʻoihana lako ma muli o ko lākou kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā waiwai ikaika kiʻekiʻe. E lohi ka noi i ka hoʻomaka, a laila me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana hana, e hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻia kēia noi.

Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia nā resins polyester unsaturated e hana i nā resins foamed i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā panela pā, nā mea hoʻokaʻawale hale ʻauʻau i hana mua ʻia, a me nā mea hou aku. ʻO ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o ka plastic foamed me ka resin polyester unsaturated e like me ka matrix ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka PS foamed; ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ma mua o ka PVC foamed; ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka polyurethane plastic foamed, a ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa ahi hiki ke hana i ka lapalapa ahi a me ka anti-aging. ʻOiai ua hoʻomohala piha ʻia ka ʻenehana noi o resin, ʻaʻole i nānā nui ʻia ka noi ʻana o ka resin polyester unsaturated i loko o nā lako. Ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, makemake nui kekahi mau mea hana resin i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia ʻano mea hou. ʻAʻole i hoʻoholo pono ʻia kekahi mau pilikia nui (ka ʻili, honeycomb structure, gel-foaming time relationship, exothermic curve control, ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo piha ʻia ma mua o ka hana ʻana i ke kālepa. ua hoʻoholo ʻia kēia mau pilikia, e hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia resin i nā wahi e like me nā mea e pale ai i ka lapalapa ahi ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna ʻoihana.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā resins polyester unsaturated wai i ʻelua ʻano: ʻano wai-soluble a me ke ʻano emulsion. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka 1960s ma waho, aia nā patent a me nā hōʻike palapala ma kēia wahi. ʻO ka resin i loko o ka wai e hoʻohui i ka wai ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha o ka resin polyester unsaturated i ka resin ma mua o ka resin gel, a hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai i 50%. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā resin i ka resin WEP. Loaʻa i ka resin nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ka paona māmā ma hope o ka hoʻōla ʻana, maikaʻi ka lapalapa ahi a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻana o ka resin i loko o koʻu ʻāina i ka makahiki 1980, a he manawa lōʻihi ia. Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopili. He ʻano hou o ka UPR ka resin polyester unsaturated wai. ʻO ka ʻenehana i loko o ke keʻena keʻokeʻo ke lilo nei i mea ʻoi aʻe a ʻoi aku ka makua, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka noi. ʻO nā pilikia e pono e hoʻoponopono hou ʻia ʻo ia ka paʻa o ka emulsion, kekahi mau pilikia i ka hoʻōla ʻana a me ke kaʻina hana, a me ka pilikia o ka ʻae ʻana o ka mea kūʻai aku. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i kahi resin polyester unsaturated 10,000-ton ke hana ma kahi o 600 tons o ka wai ʻino i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka shrinkage i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana o ka resin polyester unsaturated e hana i ka resin i loko o ka wai, e hōʻemi ia i ke kumukūʻai o ka resin a hoʻonā i ka pilikia o ka hana ʻana i ka mālama kaiapuni.

Hana mākou i kēia mau huahana resin: resin polyester unsaturated;vinyl resin; resin kapa gel; epoxy resin.

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